Botanical Classification

of the

GRAPE

KINGDOM

Animal

Plant

Divisions

1. Thallophyta. - Bacteria, Algae, Slime molds, Diatoms, Fungi, Lichens, and other low forms.

2. Bryophyta. - Mosses and Liverworts.

3. Pteridophyta.- Ferns, Horsetails, Club mosses, and Selaginella.

4. Spermatophyta.- The real flowering and seed-bearing plants.

DIVISION SPERMATOPHYTA

Subdivisions

1. Gymnospermae.- Seeds naked in carpel. Includes the Conifers, (pines, etc.) Cycads, Ginko, and Gnetum.

2. Angiospermae.- Covered seed.

Subdivision Angiospermae

Classes

1. Monocotyledoneae.-- One seed leaf, flowers in 3's or multiple, leaves parallel veined, vascular bundles scattered and closed. Includes Grasses, Lilies, Irides, Banana, Reeds, Ginger, Palms, etc.

2. Dicotyledoneae.---- Two seed leaves, flower parts in 4's or 5's or multiples, leaves netted veined, vascular bundles in a ring which is open to growth, i.e., cambium present.

CLASS DICOTYLEDONEAE

Subclasses

1. Sympetalae.--- Petals united entire or in part. Includes Potato, Tomato, Sweet Potato, Melons, Lettuce, Artichoke, Chrysanthemum, Morning Glory, and many other plants.

2. Choripetalae.------ Flower petals present & separate.

3. Apetalae.---------- Flower petals absent

SUBCLASS APETALAE

Orders

19. Rhamnales.---- Grapes, Buckthorn, Virginia Creeper, Ivy.

ORDER RHAMNALES

Families

1. Rhamnaceac.--- Buckthorns

2. Vitaceae.----- Vines

FAMILY VITACEAE

The 11 genera and about 450 species are mostly of tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate distribution. The principal ones native to or cultivated in America are:

1. Cissus -- Shrubs and climbers including Kangaroo vine. Mostly desert plants.

2. Parthenocissus ---- Virginia creeper, Japanese and Boston ivy.

3. Ampelopsis --- Ornamental woody vines including the Pepper vine.

4. Vitis --- Grapes

5. Others

GENUS VITIS

Subgenus L. Euvitis -- the true grapes

(A) European and Southwestern Asiatic species

1. V. vinifera, Linnaeus. "Wine Grape." Caspian Sea basin and Asia Minor.

(B) North American species ------ The species of grapes peculiar to North America.

2. V. labrusca, Linnaeus. "Fox Grape" Me. to Ba., west to Ind, and Ky. Concord, Niagara.

3. V. aestivalis, Michaux. "Summer Grape" N.Y. to Ga. west to Mo. or sandy or rocky uplands. Lenoir, Herbemont.

4. V. lincecumii, Buckley. "Post-oak Grape." High post-oak lands of east Tex., La., Ark. Mo

5. V. candicans. Engelmann. "Mustang Grape." Tex., La., Ark., Okla., Mexico, mostly on limestone soils.

6. V. rupestris. Scheele. "Sand Grape" Mo., Ill., Ky., Tenn., Tenn. and north Tex., Mont. and Utah to Atlantic.

7. V. riparia. Michaux (V. vulpina, Linn.). "Frost Grape." Canada to Tenn. and north Tex., Mont. and Utah to Atlantic.

8. V. berlandieri. Planchon. "Spanish Grape." Limestone hills and along streams in S.W. Ark., cent. Tex., and north Mexico.

9. V. champini. Planchon. "Calcaire Grape." Limy soils in central-southern Texas.

10. V. longii. Prince (Solonis and novo-mexicana). "Bush Grape." Okla., No. Texas, East No. Mex., S.W. Kans., S.E. Colo.

11. V. cinerea. Engelmann. "Grayback Grape." Ind. to Mo. and south to Gulf of Mexico.

(C) Oriental Species

12. V. amurensis. Ruprecht. Japan, China

Subgenus Muscadina

13. V. rotundifolia. Michaus. "Muscadine Grape" Del. to Mo. and south to Texas

14. V. munsoniana. Simpson. "Little Muscadine Grape" central and south Fla.

15. V. oppenoei. Fennel. "South Mexican Muscadine Grape" Mexico.

Characteristics of Euvitis (The True Grape)

Bark Shreds off

Diaphragm at nodes

Tendrils forked

Seeds pyriform (pear shaped)

Lenticels absent

Many berries per cluster (50-500)

Berries shatter with pedicle

Characteristics of Muscadina (Bunch Grape)

Bark chips like in trees

No diaphragm at nodes

Tendrils simple

Seeds oval

Lenticels present and numerous

Few berries per cluster (3-15)

Berries shatter without pedicle